Treating Bipolar Disorder in Adolescents - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 729 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Bipolar Disorder Essay Did you like this example? Severe mental disorders, such as bipolar disorder, have become more prevalent in children and adolescents over the last few decades, leading scientists, doctors, and parents to question whether medicating developing minds in adolescents is an effective and safe way to treat these disorders (Gaviria, Sayers, Hentoff, Wright, Lyman, 2008). This topic has remained controversial for years because there is no definitive way to diagnose bipolar disorder in adolescents, and it can be confusing to differentiate symptoms of hyperactivity, inability to focus, depression, aggression, and other symptoms as factors for mental illness or normal hormone development in youth. As more medications are developed to specifically treat bipolar disorder, there is a growing concern that children will suffer from cognitive decline, suicidal ideations, and overdose (Gaviria, Sayers, Hentoff, Wright, Lyman, 2008). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Treating Bipolar Disorder in Adolescents" essay for you Create order However, some adolescents present with severe symptoms, indicating a need for medication to live as close to a normal life as possible. Thousands of studies have been conducted over the last ten years to evaluate different methods used to diagnose and treat bipolar disorder in adolescents. One of the main concerns is misdiagnosing pediatric patients, as many present symptoms with comorbid disorders, making it difficult to differentiate symptoms to effectively treat individuals (Birmaher, 2013). If a child presents with ADHD, bipolar disorder, and anxiety, the treatment becomes more complex as some symptoms are prevalent in each disorder. Another problem with diagnosing children with mental health disorders is how they are diagnosed. As the Frontline documentary stated, many children are evaluated by primary doctors and pediatricians instead of psychiatrists, which is of great concern because these professionals are not properly trained to diagnose more severe cases (Gaviria, Sayers, Hentoff, Wright, Lyman, 2008). This often results in overmedicating, which can lead to overdose, tics and twitches, depression, and sui cidal thoughts/ attempts. The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is a tool used by mental health professionals to reference symptoms and properly diagnose adolescents with bipolar disorder. Although its not a definitive way to diagnose bipolar disorder, especially in children with less pervasive symptoms, the DSM-5 is more reliable than an evaluation with a pediatrician or general practitioner. Furthermore, the DSM-5 helps psychiatrists decide which medications will work best according to the symptomology of individuals. Its not a one-size-fits-all, and that becomes a problem when prescribing SSRIs, antipsychotics, atypical drugs, psychotropic drugs, and other medications (Romanelli, et al., 2009). The side effects from these medications have a wide range anywhere from general fatigue to suicidal ideations, and the results are grave for many children who are very young. Medicating children who present with varying degrees of bipolar disorder may be controversial, but evidence supports the efficacy of certain drugs like lurasidone and olanzapine (Dineen Wagner, 2018). Medication alone may be sufficient in extreme cases, but current research points to additional methods in the treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder. An evaluation of family history, substance abuse, trauma, comprehensive assessments, domestic violence, socioeconomic status, and parenting skills should all be evaluated when considering a bipolar disorder diagnosis (Romanelli, et al., 2009). Additionally, different types of behavioral therapy in conjunction with alternative treatments (yoga, meditation, breathing exercises, etc.) may help reduce the symptoms of bipolar disorder in adolescents. Further empirical research should be conducted to test certain drugs against placebos, in order to ensure efficacy and reliability. From a pharmacologic perspective, developing new drugs with less severe side effects would be greatly beneficial for young developing minds. References Birmaher, B. (2013, September 1). Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Child and adolescent mental health, 18(3). Retrieved November 15, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3835470/ Dineen Wagner, K. (2018, August). Treatment of Bipolar Depression in Children and Adolescents. Psychiatric Times, 35(8), 8. Retrieved November 15, 2018, from https://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.usf.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4sid=812af262-0742-44e2-8600-8068f507d2ba%40pdc-v-sessmgr02 Gaviria, M., Sayers, J., Hentoff, M., Wright, D., Lyman, W. (Producers), Sayers, J. (Director). (2008). Frontline. The Medicated Child [Motion Picture]. Retrieved November 15, 2018, from https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x17awuw Romanelli, L. H., Landsverk, J., Levitt, J. M., Hurley, M. M., Bellonci, C., Gries, L. T., . . . Child Welfare-Mental Health Best Practices Group. (2009, January). Best Practices for Mental Health in Child Welfare: Screening, Assessment, and Treatment Guidlines. Child Welfare, 88(S1), 163. Retrieved November 15, 2018, from https://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.usf.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3sid=5060ca70-ef2b-4170-9e68-fcc1ff11688b%40pdc-v-sessmgr01

Vegetarian Diets Are Considered As Healthy Diets - 1180 Words

How Vegetarian Diets Are Considered As Healthy Diets There are number of type of meat like beef, chicken, pork and fish as well but there are also some people who do not eat any type of meat. So this type of people is called vegetarian. They cannot eat meat but also they cannot use other type of products which are produced from animals like egg, gelatin and milk. Vegetarian diet is a best kind of food which fulfills the needs of all types of people such as children, old ages and young people as well. Vegetarian can be defined as a flesh avoiding person who cannot eat meat, including fish and poultry. Vegetarians usually avoid flesh but it is true they can eat animal products which can obtain from animals such as cheese, milk, and eggs, so they are ovo-lacto-vegetarians (ovo = egg; lacto = milk, cheese, etc. But it is also true that ratio of those people who do not want to come near animal products for eating. In this way they are rapidly growing so that’s way this type of people are considered to as pure vegetarians or vegans. Some latest researches show that vegetarian diet is very healthy habit. So in this way we can see that the health benefits are increasing day by day by the abstaining of animal’s diet or meat. In this manner it can be said that the vegetarian diet is healthy in all the way. There are number of figures in the field of philosophy and politics such as Plato and Nietzsche, political leaders Benjamin Franklin and Gandhi, and pop icons PaulShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Benefits of a Vegetarian Diet905 Words   |  4 PagesThe Advantages of a Vegetarian Diet Having a healthy dietary method can reduce the chances of receiving many health diseases. These health diseases include obesity, heart disease, and cancer. By consuming certain foods and nutrients in one’s diet the risk factors for these health diseases can be reduced. A healthy dietary method that is beneficial to reducing and/or improving these health diseases is the vegetarian diet. The vegetarian diet follows a dietary pattern that is characterizedRead MoreVegetarian Diets are the Healthiest Diets Vegetarians have a tendency to live a longer and1700 Words   |  7 PagesVegetarian Diets are the Healthiest Diets Vegetarians have a tendency to live a longer and healthier life. They have a habit of being more concerned and attentive with their diet and what they are eating. Statistics show that vegetarian diets have been adopted by at least 7.3 million Americans today. Dictionary.reference.com states that vegetarianism is â€Å"a person who does not eat or does not believe in eating meat, fish, fowl, or, in some cases, any food derived from animals, as eggs or cheese,Read MoreVegetarianism Is A Better Lifestyle Than Eating Meat And Meat Products1493 Words   |  6 Pagesto how food affects them, instead of how it affects the environment. 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Final Paper on Managerial Accounting Free Essays

On this small plot of land in the middle of a bustling city called Bacolod, in the Negros Occidental province of the Philippines, lies home to the family of Jose and Teodula Tamera. Located on 79 Lacson Street, this place was especially home to one of their sons, Robin Tamera. After years of decadence in this little spot called home, Robin found himself working in Ontario, Canada. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Paper on Managerial Accounting or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was there that the inspiration to keep the property’s memories alive was sparked. He had a desire to keep this lot not only as a memorial keepsake for himself, siblings, and relatives, but first and foremost as a reminder of his parents’ love and care. Robin Tamera’s concept was to open a very humble place for all to stay in Bacolod City, whether they were local or foreign visitors. He wanted a hotel that incorporated and adapted all of the finest amenities that other places in the world could offer. In 2006, after years of investment and construction, Robin’s desire became a reality after converting their property to a bed and breakfast place. â€Å"The Tamera Plaza Inn† became not only a place to stay, but a memorial and tribute to the Tamera Family. The Inn offers overnight lodging and meals. It includes 1 Superior room, 8 De Luxe rooms , 6 standard double rooms, 5 standard single rooms, a function room, all air-conditioned with cable TV services. The Tamera Plaza Inn has 30 full time employees to date. Meanwhile, the inn faces very serious seasonal customer fluctuations. The average number of tourists in Bacolod is 70,000 per year, majority of which are during Summer and in October during the MassKara festival. The inn has about 2 % of these tourist choose them for accomodations. Although the place has no rental costs and the expenses in the contsruction of the inn has already been acquired, the inn has an opportunity to increase its profitiability. Below is the the cost allocation per year: For the purpose of this paper, Activity-Based Costing will be used to analyze the inn’s profitability and to present a recommendation. In Table 1, Activities Analysis and Assignment of Activities to Products (lodging and dining) by activity drivers. Labor, material and utility costs traced to activities are shown in columns (1)-(3) of table 2. Columns (4)-(11) present detail about how activities are allotted to each product by drivers. For example, the driver of the cleaning activity is the true cleaning time which is total 3061.6 hours. Using the driver to trace the cleaning activity to the two products separately, and assigning 2651.4 hours and 410.2 hours respectively, of cleaning time, the driver can allocate PHP 46,611 to lodging and PHP 7,212 to dining. Finally, adding all the allocation activities costs in each product we can get the total activity costs. The total product cost is the combination of the total activities costs, direct material costs, and outsource costs (laundry and transportation) in each product. Unit product cost is defined as the total product cost divided by the total number of customers. The unit product costs of lodging and dining are PHP 340.67 and 71.31 per customer respectively for a year. The lodging and dining products of The Tamera Plaza Inn represent two market segments. After applying ABC to the The Tamera Plaza Inn case, the unit costs of each of the Inn’s products in two market segments are clear. The cost information acquired from ABC in this case will be useful to the owners for marketing strategy, decision making and cost-volume-profit analysis. Table 1. In the second stage, all activities costs in the five activities centers are assigned to the three country inn’s products. Table 2 shows activities analysis and the assignment of activities to products by activity drivers. Labor, material and utility costs traced to activities are shown in the second to fourth column of table1 while fifth to tenth columns present detail about how activities are allotted to each product by drivers. For example, the driver of the cleaning activity is the cleaning time which is total 6810.6 hours. Using the driver to trace the cleaning activity to the three products separately, and assigning 2651.4 hours, 3749 hours and 410.2 hours respectively, of cleaning time, the driver can allocate NT$ 46,611 to lodging, NT$65,904 to hot spring use, and NT$7,212 to dining. Finally, adding all the allocation activities costs in each product we can get the total activity costs. The total product cost is the combination of the total activities costs, direct material costs, and outsource costs (laundry, hot spring water) in each product. Unit product cost is defined as the total product cost divided by the total number of customers. The unit product costs of lodging, hot spring use and dining are NT$ 306.21, NT$31.64 and NT$ 67.28 per customer respectively in the busy winter seasons. The lodging, hot spring use and dining products of this country inn represent three market segments. After applying ABC to the country inn case, the unit costs of each of the country inn’s products in three market segments are clear. The cost information acquired from ABC in this case is extremely useful to the inn’s owners (managers) for marketing, decision making and cost-volume-profit analysis. Table 1 Monthly Costs of Resources Resource life time Replacement value Capital costs Cost per month Rent-a-land 30 ï ¼  ï ¼  700,000 Owner’s lands 30 150,000,000 13,324,092 1,110,341 Buildings 30 16,050,000 1,425,672 118,806 Personnel Number Total Costs Cost per month Full time staffs 23 9,060,000 755,000 Part-time staffs 13 2,448,000 204,000 Managers 2 1,320,000 110,000 is the general manager. Meanwhile, the inn faces very serious seasonal customer fluctuations. The average volume of customers for hot spring use  can come to a maximum of 58,048 persons monthly in the winter season and a reaches minimum of 18,311 persons in the summer season. In addition, this hot spring country inn bears a heavy space and land costs due to the high cost of buildings and land in Taipei. The monthly costs of rent, lands, buildings and labor are showed in table 1. This inn doesn’t use any activity-based costing method in its accounting system except for the traditional one. Since activity-based costing can be very complex and time consuming, and even less in tourism industry, it is not widely applied in the manufacturing industries in Taiwan (Chen, 2001, p. 52). It is recognized that partial activity-based costing can be used to enhance rather than totally replace the accounting system when the company finds it too difficult to implement full-scale ABC-based accounting. Some companies also complain that the cost of ABC’s administrative and technical complexity, and of continuously generating activity data, exceeds any benefits subsequently derived from it, so that they reject proposals to implement ABC to their companies. Nevertheless, many firms still find they have success in cost reduction, product pricing, customer profitability analysis and output decisions when they adopt ABC (Chenhall and Langfield-Smith, 1998; Clarke et al., 1999; Innes and Sinclair, 2000; Cotton et al., 2003). Our traditional accounting cost information was gathered from 1 November, 2003 to 30 December, 2003. The figures for customers’ volume were acquired from the mean of the number of customers in these two months. In order to obtain a more accurate picture of Table 2 Activities Analysis and Assigning Activity to Product Using Activity Drivers Resource Labor Materiall Total Quantities of Drivers Total Unit cost per Product cost Activity Utility Cost Lodging Spring Dining quantity activity driver Lodging Hot-Spring Dining Cleaning 99,572 20,155 119,727 2,651.4 3,749 410.2 6810.6 17.58/hr 46,611 65,904 7,212 (10.57%) (3.67%) (0.32%) Changing 1,455 607 2,062 960 0 0 960 2.15/hr 2,062 0 0 sheets (0.47%) (0%) (0%) Washing 32,225 22,196 54,421 830 1,832 188.6 2,851 19.09/hr 15,849 34,972 3,600 (3.59%) (1.95%) (0.16%) Clear up 91,475 21,623 113,098 0 0 10,710 10,710 10.56/number 0 0 113,098 (0%) (0%) (5.06%) Check on 5,454 2,276 7,730 450 0 0 450 17.17/number 7,730 0 0 (1.75%) (0%) (0%) Ordering 54,451 1,994 56,445 0 0 11,203 11,203 5.04/number 0 0 56,445 (0%) (0%) (2.52%) Carrying 75,220 2,754 77,974 0 0 103,754 103,754 0.75/number 0 0 77,974 (0%) (0%) (3.49%) Re-supply 4,320 2,437 6,757 20 436 4 460 14.69/hr 294 6,404 59 (0.07%) (0.35%) (0.00%) Cooking 297,968 58,945 356,913 0 0 2,010 2,010 177.57/hr 0 0 356,913 (0%) (0%) (15.96%) Purchasing 73,886 605 74,491 18.5 24 198 240.5 309.73/hr 5,730 7,434 61,327 (1.30%) (0.41%) (2.74%) Check in 263,806 90,647 354,453 232.47 1,891.67 692.5 2,816.64 125.84/hr 29,255 238,051 87,147 /out (6.64%) (13.26%) (3.90%) Admini- 36,608 1,049 37,657 210 779.2 102 1,091.2 34.51/space 7,247 26,890 3,520 strative (1.64%) (1.50%) (0.16%) Marketing 6,160 176 6,336 1,440 56,750 33,240 91,430 0.07/person 100 3,933 2,303 (0.02%) (0.22%) (0.10%) Accounting 26,400 756 27,156 1,440 56,750 33,240 91,430 0.297/person 428 16,855 9,873 (0.10%) (0.94%) (0.44%) Renting 700,000 251.96 1,385.80 461.94 2,099.7 333.38/space 83,999 461,999 154,002 (19.05%) (25.73%) (6.89%) Depreciation 1,229,147 251.96 1,385.80 461.94 2,099.7 585.39/space 147,495 811,236 270,416 (33.45%) (45.18%) (12.09%) Total 1,069,000 226,220 3,224,367* Total activity cost 346,800 1,673,678 1,203,889 (78.65%) (93.21%) (53.83%) * All activities in column (3) added Direct material cost 61,137 116,843 1,032,498 (13.87%) (6.51%) (46.17%) Outsource laundry 33,000 (7.48%) Hot-spring water 5,049 (0.28%) Total product cost 440,937 1,795,570 2,236,387 Total customers 1,440 56,750 33,240 Unit product cost 306.21 31.64 67.28 Allocated resource costs, working sampling (Tsai, 1996) is used to estimate the percentage of time spent on each of various activities for each staff member and manager. In this way an adjusted percentage of personnel time spent on each activity can be obtained. In the first stage, resources in this country inn are assigned to all activities in five activities centers by resource drivers. In the second stage, all activities costs in the five activities centers are assigned to the three country inn’s products. Table 2 shows activities analysis and the assignment of activities to products by activity drivers. Labor, material and utility costs traced to activities are shown in columns (1)-(3) of table 2. Columns (4)-(11) present detail about how activities are allotted to each product by drivers. For example, the driver of the cleaning activity is the true cleaning time which is total 6810.6 hours. Using the driver to trace the cleaning activity to the three products separately, and assigning 2651.4 hours, 3749 hours and 410.2 hours respectively, of cleaning time, the driver can allocate NT$ 46,611 to lodging, NT$65,904 to hot spring use, and NT$7,212 to dining. Finally, adding all the allocation activities costs in each product we can get the total activity costs. The total product cost is the combination of the total activities costs, direct material costs, and outsource costs (laundry, hot spring water) in each product. Unit product cost is defined as the total product cost divided by the total number of customers. The unit product costs of lodging, hot spring use and dining are NT$ 306.21, NT$31.64 and NT$ 67.28 per customer respectively in the busy winter seasons. The lodging, hot spring use and dining products of this country inn represent three market segments. After applying ABC to the country inn case, the unit costs of each of the country inn’s products in three market segments are clear. The cost information acquired from ABC in this case is extremely useful to the inn’s owners (managers) for marketing, decision making and cost-volume-profit analysis. TAMERA PLAZA INN Date Established: March 2006 #79 Lacson St., Bacolod City Tel No. 432-1708; Fax: 709-0886 Manager: Dina Serfino E-mail: tameraplazainn@yahoo.com Classification: Economy Class No. of Rooms: 20 Rates: Superior 1 1,500.00 Deluxe 8 1,300.00 Standard Double 1,100.00 Standard Single 900.00 Extra Matress 250.00 Extra Person 100.00 Last Updated: September 11, 2013 Rates are subject to change without prior notice How to cite Final Paper on Managerial Accounting, Papers