The irrepressible conflict chapter 7 in the imperiled union, by Essay

The irrepressible conflict chapter 7 in the imperiled union, by kenneth stampp(pages 191 to 245) - Essay Example In the social science, historical theories and concepts are criticized by current scholars in search of new knowledge. If new evidence is discovered, scholars critically analyze it in consideration to the past evidence provided. The reason for revisionism is history relies on past distant events, and very little evidence is used in postulating of theories, therefore, when more evidence is found, it call for revision of the earlier theories or critic their explanation to the past event. This essay focuses on the civil war and the views of the revisionist via a Vis Stampp disapproval of them. How and why do revisionists argue that the civil war was a needless or repressible war? The proponent of revisionism argued that the case for a civil was a moral judgment of whether slavery was right or wrong. In addition, the agitators for antislavery had questionable attitudes towards the issues of slavery as political issues. As Steven Douglas argued, slavery was an issue of the southern people , and it did not affect people in the north. Therefore, the issues of slavery were better left to the white in the south to deal with and not engage in an unnecessary war. Moreover, revisionist says that the moral indifference of slavery was not a big issue to fight over it. Men and women are created sane and would solve their differences in a sane manner and avoid unnecessary bloodshed. According to Ulrich Philips, the black people had no problem being slaves because, in their nature, they were submissive, amiable, and light-hearted, imitative, ingratiating, and they were not progressive by the fact that they were Negroes. Philips also argues that the case for the plantation system among the slave was nothing ethical but nostalgia. Therefore, slavery was not a cause for the alarm, to instigate civil war because it had nothing to excite (Stampp 191-245). Another revisionist, Frank L, Owsley says that slavery was a moral issue and was not economic determinism of civilization in the s outh. He says that the issue of slavery has been dragged in the wrong case of the causes of a civil war. Furthermore, Randall believed that the black slave in the south had adapted to bondage without much resistance, and performing their tasks cheerfully. Randall also argues that, the southern slaves were abused, and this amounted to mistreatment, but it was a lenient way of treating slave by their slave owners. Randall says that, in reality the slave’s owners were more enslaved than the black by the set out institutions (Stampp 191-245). Craven brought his assertion that the different between the West and East were much greater than that of the North and South. Craven argues that abolition of slavery hindered the understanding of the effect of slavery to the modern employee –employer relationship. According to Craven, the life American worker today is much like that of the slave. Craven note that, even during the debate of the relevancy of slavery in the south, the pa tient blacks continued with their tasks unconsciously never minding the merits of the system he was working. David Potter in his analysis of revisionism says that, the facts that slave were left to live and even to grow and expand in a new world, was better off than engaging in a war. David concedes that emancipation of four million slaves was of great value, but he says it came at a greater cost. According to David, for every

Imagine Yourself 26 Years Ahead Essay Example for Free

Imagine Yourself 26 Years Ahead Essay It was flaming hot, the sand beneath my bare legs burned when it hit water. I thrived to keep my eyes open, but instead I drifted into my daydreams imaginations, and spontaneously everything was peaceful and utterly dreamy. It was more to a vision than a dream when I imagine myself in 2026, but within an instant I am blown away. I discover that I am the new legend in the genetic research field in the United States, not only that but a mother too. Consequently, I see an extraordinary day of my future sought life, a casual day yet inscribed within history: the day I discover the AIDS cure. Suddenly, a river of emotions erupts through my veins but I know it’s everything I want in my future and everything I want the world to remember me by, to be a person who changed the world. In my future life I’m married to a guy called Joseph khan, he becomes the first man to step on Jupiter. I linger in my visions and expectations of future, wanting nothing more but to reach for it and make it happen, but then I wake up. The sun was down but I can see my surroundings as still as they were, then out of nowhere I see a guy setting near, â€Å"what’s your name† the stranger said in a soft deep voice, â€Å"Mariah† I breathed, stunned. He walked slowly and stretched his tanned arm toward me â€Å"khan, Joseph khan.† I was hooked.

Role Of Mathematical Programming

Role Of Mathematical Programming Introduction In order to survive and lead todays highly competitive and demand driven market, there is a great deal of pressure on management to make economical decisions. One of the essential managerial skills is the ability to allocate and utilize resources appropriately in the efforts of achieving the optimal performance efficiently. Mathematical models have long played an important role in management and economics but it is only in the last few decades that management per se has received the sort of rigorous study that permits the application of mathematics. It is one of the primary tools used by operations researchers in making decisions. Mathematical programming Mathematical programming is the OR technique that has been most widely applied in management and economics. It has been used to solve a considerable range of problems in financial markets forming portfolios of equities, bonds, loans and currencies, generalized hedging, capital budgeting, cash management, insurance management, equity and bond index tracking, estimating the implied risk neutral probabilities for options, designing leveraged leases, computing the maximum loss sustained by shareholders, spotting insolvent banks, sorting out the failure of a stock exchange and understanding the forces leading to financial innovations. It deals with models comprising of an objective function and a set of constraints. An objective function is a mathematical expression of the quantity to be maximized or minimized. For example, manufacturers may wish to maximize production or minimize costs, advertisers may wish to maximize a products exposure, and financial analysts may wish to maximize rate of return. Constraints are mathematical expressions of restrictions that are placed on potential values of the objective function. For example, production may be constrained by the total amount of labor at hand and machine production capacity, an advertiser may be constrained by an advertising budget, and an investment portfolio may be restricted by the allowable risk. Symbolically, mathematical models in operations research may be viewed generally as determining the values of the decision variables which will Optimize subject to The function is the objective function while represents the constraint, whereis constant. The constraintsare the non-negativity constraints. In general,optimization of the objective function signifies either amaximization or minimizationof this function. The types of the objective and constraint functions of a mathematical model depend directly on the systems which they represent. Thus, these functions may be linear or non-linear. Also the decision variables may be continuous or discrete and the parameters of the system may be deterministic or probabilistic. The result of this diversity in system representation is the development of a corresponding number of optimization techniques suitable for solving these models. These mainly include linear programming, integer programming, goal programming, non-linear programming, dynamic programming, and stochastic programming. The Mathematical Programming Approach There is an orderly sequence of steps that is followed for a systematic formulation, solution and implementation of a mathematical programming model. These steps could be applied to the development of any management science model. Although the practical applications of mathematical programming cover a broad range of problems, it is possible to distinguish five general stages that the solution of any mathematical programming should follow. These stages along with their main characteristics are as follows : A. Formulating the Model The first step to be taken in a practical application is the development of the model. The following are the elements that define the model structure : Selection of a time horizon Selection of decision variables and parameters Definition of constraints Selection of the objective function B. Gathering the Data After defining the model, the data required to define the parameters of the model must be collected. This involves the data regarding the objective function coefficients, the constraint coefficients and the right hand side of the constraints. C. Obtaining an Optimal Solution Due to the lengthy nature of calculations required to obtain the optimal solution of a mathematical programming model, a digital computer is invariably used in this stage of model implementation. Nowadays, all the computer manufacturers offer highly efficient codes to solve mathematical programming models. D. Applying Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity analysis, also called post-optimum analysis, is performed on the optimal solutions obtained for the linear programming problems originally formulated. This analysis is important for several reasons : Data uncertainity Dynamic considerations Input errors E. Testing and Implementing the Solution Once the optimal solution is obtained, it should be tested fully to ensure that the model clearly represents the real situation. The importance of conducting sensitivity analysis as part of this testing effort has already been discussed. If the solution is unacceptable, new refinements have to be incorporated in the model and new solutions obtained until the mathematical programming model is adequate. When the testing is over, the model can be implemented. Implementation usually means solving the model with real data to reach a decision or a set of decisions. Types of Mathematical Programming A. Linear programming Linear programming is one of the most successful disciplines within the field of Operational Research. It arose as a mathematical model developed during the second world war to plan expenditures and returns in order to reduce costs to the army and increase losses to the enemy. It was kept secret until 1947. Post war, many industries found its use in their daily planning. Linear programming is a technique for making decisions under certainity i.e.; when all the courses of options available to an organization are known in advance and the objective of the firm along with its constraints are quantified. Out of all the possible alternative that course of action is chosen that which yields the optimal results. Mathematically, linear programming problem calls for finding non-negativeso as to maximize a linear functionsubject to a system of linear equations : There are two extensions of Linear programming which are as follows : a) Integer Linear programming The Integer Linear Programming (ILP) is an extension of Linear programming where all of the variables must only take on integer values. b) Mixed Integer Linear Programming The Mixed integer Linear Programming (MILP) is also an extension of the Linear programming, but some of the variables must take on integer values while others take on real values. B. Quadratic programming Quadratic Programming is a special type of mathematical optimization problem. It is the problem of optimizing (minimizing or maximizing) a quadratic function of several variables subject to linear constraints on these variables. C. Goal Prgramming Goal Programming is promulgated as an aid for decision-making problems with multiple, possibly conflicting goals. In a typical goal programming model, each goal is formulated as a constraint. There are two variables associated with each goal (each constraint), over-achievement deviation and under-achievement deviation. The value of these two deviational variables measure how well the corresponding goal is accomplished. An objective function in a goal programming formulation is usually a linear function in deviational variables. Specifically, the objective function takes the weighted summation of the deviational variables. The weights assigned to a deviational variable indicate the importance of the corresponding goal in decision-making process. The objective is thus to minimize the weighted sum of deviations from goal achievement, i.e., to accomplish the best overall achievement. D. Dynamic Programming Dynamic Programming is a mathematical programming technique which fragments a large problem into several smaller problems. The approach is to solve the all the smaller, easier problems individually in order to reach a solution to the original problem. This technique is useful for making decisions that consist of several steps, each of which also requires a decision. In addition, it is assumed that the smaller problems are not independent of one another given they contribute to the larger question. E. Stochastic Programming Many optimization problems are described by uncertain parameters. When these uncertain parameters can be considered as random variables and have known probability distributions, new optimization problems can be formulated that involve expected values of these random variables. In this manner, a new problem (called the deterministic equivalent) is obtained that removes the uncertainty and results in a deterministic optimization problem. This is the approach of Stochastic Programming. Application areas of Mathematical Modeling The applications of mathematical modeling in management and economics today are so manifold that it is difficult to list them down. A few of the major application areas of mathematical models are as follows :

Popularity - Writing To Reflect :: essays research papers

I want to talk about the thing that strives many teens have to be popular in schools. It seems as though that popularity is a main issue to teens. The need to feel accepted by others in order to be the center of attention, and the need to be distinguished greatly from everyone else is a strong force that exposes itself to nearly all teens at school. We spend most of our years at school, and begin well-known can almost seem to complete an emptyness that we feel. Popularity may not always in fact be as fulfilling as it may seem. I do agree that we all have the need to feel wanted yet when is enough, enough? Personally, I’ve seen many situations when the elevation of popularity brought upon many other issues. Popular students usally have to create a certain personality that is diverse from their own, and they must always have that particular personality all the time to keep up their prevalent focus from others. This can be usually seen as the popular athletic team captain or the optimistic cheerleader. During the process in becoming more recognized, some end up hurting others for their own means of reaching that point. I remember a time a few years back when I had a group of fairly close friends. We would always hang out with eachother and we would await the day at which we were to enter high school together. When we finally reached high school, there where now a whole new group of people that were older than I. I still had my group of friends, but gradually I started to lose one of them. My friend was going against my other schoolmate, and before I knew it I was hurling the same insults as they were. It was all part of a process; a process, I thought, was going to make me popular. I thought that if I could make someone look lower than I was, I would gain self-confidence and become more popular. As it turned out it was not the case. I had lost a good friend, all for a selfish reason to get a good reputaion at school. In the end I ended up only hurting myself. I couldn’t carry the baggage I had, knowing I had hurt someone who was close to me. There shouldn’t be a need to become popular, there may be a few benefits, but it never lasts for long.

Rebel Women vs. Yankee Women

Rebel Women vs. Yankee Women Many stories have been told about the Civil War; there is the story of Gettysburg, Stonewall Jackson’s death, Robert E. Lee leading his solders, and many more. However, we only hear the smallest amount of information about what the wives of these soldiers are doing. It would be interesting to dig deep into the details of the support army general wives gave, what the government expected from women of both sides of the war, and the main differences of lifestyle back on the home front.Women were a huge part of the Civil War and supported the soldiers in many ways. My goal is to find the difference between the support Robert E. Lee’s wife and George Meade’s spouse gave. Robert E. Lee was an outstanding leader so it is a wonder what sort of support he received other than from his soldiers and assistants. George Meade was also an interesting character of the war and took reign at a difficult time, right before Gettysburg; he would have need ed some emotional support. Mary Anna Randolph Custis was General Lee’s wife, married in 1831.Even though many women were not educated, Custis had a fine education and was intelligent. Mary’s mother, Molly, was a huge advocate for freeing slaves and eventually had Mary believing in the same rights. They tried to weaken the harsh conditions of slavery and let their own slaves free. However, they were not quite convinced African Americans should be part of the society. 1 Mary had many suitors; she turned down requests from distinguished cousins, Sam Houston and two sons from the Revolutionary war hero, Harry Lee.It was believed that there were few worthy of her love, but Robert E. Lee claimed it. He was a distant cousin to her and a childhood friend. Although others thought their finances and sexual life was a scandal, they were wedded. The life of a military wife that Mary had to begin living was a worry to General Lee. She grew up sophisticated and had a wealthy life. M ary, even though she missed her childhood home, followed Robert Lee to his field posts.She spent much of the time drawing and would only return home for pregnancy or illness. Through the war she had wished her husband would leave the army, but she stuck with him through it. It is not odd to wonder how she mustered the strength to raise seven children, follow her soldier husband and stay sane. Many would say that focusing on her artwork helped with the extensive traveling. After Virginia succeeded, Mary told her husband that she would support any choice he made. 2 Mrs.General Lee was a very loyal wife and showed her support towards the Confederates after feeling pushed away by the North. She would visit hospitals of soldiers and knit socks for the ill men. A neighbor tells this about the Lee home: â€Å"People came to talk of victory or sorrow; they could stay here if they had nowhere to go†¦The brightness of her nature amidst uncertainty and pain, was wonderful. †3 An in spirational image of her is her sitting on her home porch knitting while there is fire in the street.

Creating TV Drama Essay

â€Å"The Public Defenders† – We all know about the lives of top-league lawyers who rake in millions of dollars settling class action suits or representing celebrity clients. We all also realize, somewhere back in our minds that for every high-priced lawyer who’s working to spin celebrity â€Å"Q-ratings† and turn high-profile crimes into high-tax bracket success, there are ten public defenders (PD’s) sweating out in the innards of some state or federal building, working for peanuts to save the dregs of society from an indifferent and often unjust legal system . â€Å"The Public Defenders† chronicles the toll that long hours and short pay take on the personal lives of four PD’s who walk a tightrope of action and suspense while balancing their self-sacrificing professional lives with their all-too-self-absorbed sex lives and driving ambitions. The viewer enters the world of â€Å"The Public Defenders† from the vantage point of the common citizen: first glimpsing the four PD’s in their professional roles. Each episode begins with four short but conflict-heavy â€Å"teasers†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ representing the beginnings of four distinct, but sometimes interweaving cases. The bulk of each week’s episode is devoted to the resolution of the four cases, by each of the PD’s respectively. In some episodes, a case will be left â€Å"hanging† to be resolved in a later episode or episodes. As in real life, the PD’s will often represent the same client or clients on repeated cases and it is likely that many defendants and clients of the PD’s will become running fixtures as minor characters throughout the series’ entirety. Each of the PD’s: Emmanuel Gonzalez: a young Yale graduate who chose to work in the trenches, student Jonathan Smith: a closet alcoholic, Sara Kentowitz: a compassionate but highly sexual do-gooder, and Joann Bonier: an ambitious but flawed attorney, becomes embroiled with their clients, often in sexual or romantic entanglements and sometimes, events unfold so rapidly and chaotically that the PD’s themselves may cross the lines of legality. The plot-lines for specific episodes are based on showcasing the thin line between subjectivity and objectivity. The scripts will show blatantly that attorneys are anything but neutral when it comes to pushing their cases and working for their clients. Instead they are either emotionally engaged or coldly indifferent form the start of their cases and their professional work shows the degree to which they are personally engaged, invested, and interested in their clients. Ongoing plot-lines which thread through all the episodes will help to flesh out the characters and add a linear narrative dimension to the episodic format. Emmanuel is dealing with the process of a complicated divorce from his wife of 7 years, coupled with a child custody battle while his soon to be ex-wife is dealing with extreme alcoholism. He is also defending a repeat offender on trial for murdering his brother. Sara deals with an abusive husband while defending a 16 year-old being charged with rape. Jonathan is scheduled to go before the disciplinary committee for a hearing followed by an altercation in court, and is currently the sole care-giver for is aging parents. His father is showing symptoms of the early stages of Alzheimer’s. His mother suffers with depression. Joann, who is single, struggles to balance her work-load with the needs of her co-workers and her desire to have a personal life. Each of these over-arching plot lines will continue to spin threads and exert influence over the individual episodes which, as previously mentioned, may or may not resolve individual plot-lines. To allow our targeted viewing audience to connect and identify with the characters, The Public Defender will be filmed in courtrooms, jail cells and in the homes of our characters, giving an in-depth real life feel for the struggles that the characters are dealing with. In stark contrast the â€Å"personal† scenes will be filmed in a romantic idealized style which emphasizes hope and humanity. The sub-text of these visual contrasts is that the shows characters draw their inspiration to keep fighting from their real life relationships and not from law-books or high-flying principles. In fact , The PD’s are willing to subvert principles and even laws to win cases that have moved them or touched them personally because they have to do so to win. The deck is stacked against them: the are over-worked, under-trained, and representing those who are least able to defend themselves. The depth of the real life affects on the characters is intended to attract eductaed audiences of a predominantly mature demographic. The target audience would be compatible with that of â€Å"Law and Order† or â€Å"West Wing. † However, many of the shows minor characters and sub-plots will be devoted to youthful issues and themes which impact younger people, so it hoped that 18-25 year-old college students may also find the show worthy of attention. Crime buffs, â€Å"CSI† fans, and fans of courtroom dramas should also be targeted with advertising and scheduling as much as possible as it is hoped that this demographic will also prove fruitful for â€Å"The Pubic Defenders. † The hook for taking viewers out of the competition’s time-slot is â€Å"The Public Defenders† no-holds-barred romanticism coupled with its no-hold-barred realism: the PD’s love hard, they play to win†¦ but they lose just as often and their clients pay the price. Airing this program will allow the network to not only capture the targeted audience but hold them for each and every episode. It will be the talk of the campus, the office and coffee shops everywhere. Those that miss these episodes will be looking to see when the reruns will be airing.